In a statement, IPMA says that last month was only surpassed by October 2023 and that it recorded a global average temperature of 15.25 °C (degrees Celsius), which represents 0.80 °C above the 1991-2020 average value.

The data also indicates that October would have been about 1.65°C warmer than the pre-industrial average of 1850-1900.

This, IPMA notes, is the 15th month in a 16-month period in which the global average surface air temperature has exceeded 1.5°C.

In 2015 in Paris, practically all countries in the world signed an agreement (Paris Agreement) in which they committed to taking measures to ensure that the increase in temperature did not exceed 02°C in relation to pre-industrial times, and preferably that this increase, caused by greenhouse gases, would not reach 1.5°C.

In relation to Europe, the average value of the average air temperature was 10.83 °C, which according to IPMA is + 1.23 °C above the average value 1991-2020. It was the 5th warmest October (the hottest in 2021).

Air temperatures in Europe were above average (1991-2020) across most of Europe. October was much warmer than average in the European sector of the high Arctic and also in the Canadian Arctic, where a record anomaly of 9.5°C was reported for October.

Last month also saw above-average rainfall in the Iberian Peninsula, France, northern Italy, Norway, northern Sweden and the eastern Black Sea. IPMA recalls the heavy rainfall that caused serious flash flooding in the Valencia region, in Spain, with more than 200 fatalities.

In mainland Portugal, last month was classified as hot in relation to air temperature and rainy in relation to precipitation.

Also according to IPMA, the average value of the average air temperature was 17.52°C, presenting an anomaly of + 0.98°C above the normal value 1981-2010.

During the month, air temperature values ​​were generally above the monthly average value. Precipitation values ​​were also higher than the average value.