But all too often they don’t achieve long-lasting
results – and aren’t really a sensible, healthy choice either.
“For the most part, foods should not be ‘banned’ or
eliminated completely,” says GP Dr Sameer Sanghvi, from Lloyds Pharmacy Online
Doctor.
Nutritional therapist Laura Southern adds: “January
is a busy month for patients wanting my help with losing weight, but I always
advise them to stay away from fad diets, juice cleanses and extreme calorie
restriction, as these can just lead to disordered eating and yo-yo dieting.
“Plus, they don’t work,” she adds. “It’s estimated
95% of people who embark on a diet regain the weight and more between one to
five years later.”
Southern says there’s no one-size-fits-all approach
to weight loss, adding: “When I’m supporting patients, it’s a very personalised
and tailored approach that takes into account their health, metabolism,
digestion and lifestyle.”
Here, the experts address some of the most common
weight-loss claims…
1. Skipping meals
Southern says intermittent fasting – usually a
12-hour overnight fast, with gaps between meals – may sometimes be recommended
as part of a weight-loss programme. But generally speaking, skipping meals is
not advised.
“While for some people, this [intermittent fasting]
could mean skipping a meal, I would never advise anyone to do that without
support – it’s simply not suitable or necessary for many people,” says
Southern. “Skipping meals or eating in a restricted way can lead to binge
eating, which creates unhealthy behaviours and won’t ultimately support weight
loss.”
Sanghvi says it’s far better to eat regular,
healthy meals: “Eating regular meals helps your body get into a routine, and
eating at regular intervals helps your body burn calories quicker and stops the temptation to snack.”
2. Cutting carbs
While many diets advocate cutting carbs, the
experts stress there are many different types of carbohydrates – and while
they’re often thought of as being just white bread, pasta, rice and potatoes,
carbohydrates are also found in foods like veg, fruit, nuts and seeds.
“Carbohydrates are a really important part of our
diet,” stresses Sanghvi, who says most adults need around 225–325g of
carbohydrates a day.
There are three different types of carbs – starchy,
fibre and sugars. Sanghvi says starchy carbs (like potatoes, bread, pasta and
rice – wholegrain varieties where possible) should make up a third of our daily
food intake.
“They’re a great source of energy and contain lots
of nutrients we need to keep the body healthy,” he explains. “Starchy carbs
often contain fibre, which is good for gut health and to keep you feeling
fuller for longer.”
However, there is a part of the avoiding carbs
mantra that’s worth adhering to, he suggests: “Most of us should reduce our
intake of sugars, especially free sugars – these are the sugars added to
chocolates, cakes and fizzy drinks, but they also occur naturally in honey and
juice.”
Southern adds: “Cutting out carbs is one I see from
my patients again and again. Carbohydrates are nourishing and health-filled
foods and they support our microbiome, hormones, mood, energy and satiety.
“If your diet is heavy in simple, refined carbs –
pastries, biscuits, white bread, white pasta, sweets, etc – then cutting carbs
will be supportive to weight loss and overall health. Cutting out carbs from
veg, pulses and fruit isn’t something I usually recommend though. “
3. Eating ‘breakfast like a king’ and ‘dinner like
a pauper’
Sanghvi says whether breakfast is really the most
important meal of the day is a hotly debated topic. One large US study, he
notes, analysed the health of 50,000 people and found those eating breakfast
were more likely to have a lower BMI.
“So, there’s something in it,” he says – but that
doesn’t mean a huge greasy fry-up first thing ticks the box. It still comes
down to sensible choices.
“Having a good breakfast is a great way to set you
up for the day. But don’t overdo it at breakfast, or you might eat into your
calorie intake for the day, leaving yourself feeling hungry later,” says
Sanghvi.
However, it’s also a good idea not to have a huge
meal right before going to bed. “That’s because your body doesn’t have time to
digest the food properly, and also it can impact how well you sleep,” he adds.
4. Only eating low-fat foods
While low-fat foods may sometimes help reduce
intake of certain high-calorie, unhealthy fats, Sanghvi says it’s important to
look carefully at what low-fat food you buy. Just because it’s lower in fat
than its full-fat counterpart, doesn’t necessarily mean it’s actually a low-fat
food – or that it’s better for you.
“For something to be labelled low-fat, reduced fat
or lite/light, it has to have 30% less fat than a similar product,” says
Sanghvi. “However, it’s really important to bear in mind that if something is
already high in fat, the lower-fat version might still be a high-fat food. Low-fat
foods aren’t necessarily low-calorie either. So, it’s important to always check
food labels closely.”
Also, some foods labelled low-fat may still be
loaded with sugar and sweeteners. Plus, like carbs, fats are not always ‘bad’.
“There’s no need to consume only low-fat foods when
trying to lose weight. Fat plays an important role in our bodies, and it can
also help make meals feel more satisfying,” says registered dietitian Kendra
Haire, a coach for online health and weight management brand Noom.
She says healthy fat sources include nuts and nut
butters, seeds, avocado, olive oil and fatty fish. “It’s more important to
consider the type of fat,” Haire adds, “and to keep portion sizes moderate.”