According to the National Institute of Statistics, the resident population increased to 10.64 million people, a growth of 1.16% due to immigration.

The entry of permanent immigrants rose 13.3% compared to 2022, to 189,367 people. This number exceeds the value recorded in 2021 by 95%. Given the 36,849 permanent immigrants in 2015, the first year of the interval considered by the official statistics entity and the period in which Portugal began its recovery path after the financial assistance program (troika), immigration soared 513%.

As for permanent emigration, the gradual reduction that occurred from 2015 to 2021 (from 40,377 to 25,079 individuals) returned to growth in 2022, rising for the second consecutive year in 2023, to 33,666 people.

With these flows, the migration balance was positive for the seventh consecutive year, rising from 136,144 people to 155,701 in 2023.

In terms of age, data from the 2015-2023 interval show an increase in the aging of the population, with women averaging 48.6 years old and men 45.4 years old.

In terms of mortality, the numbers recorded in the first and second years of the pandemic have already been reversed, but the 118,295 deaths (-4.9% compared to 2022) remain above the record between 2015 and 2019 when there was a maximum of 113,051 in 2018. Now the infant mortality rate dropped by a tenth, to 2.5%, a figure that only in 2020 and 2021 (pandemic years) had been lower.

INE statistics also show that there have never been as many marriages in this period 2015-2023 as last year and that the average age of those engaged in a first marriage also reached the highest value: 34.3 years for women and 35.8 years for men.